Selenium with Python Cheat Sheet

• Always prefer explicit waits (WebDriverWait) over implicit waits or time.sleep().
• Use modern locators via the By class because old methods are deprecated.
• File handling in Selenium means triggering downloads/uploads and validating them via Python.
• Avoid mixing languages.
• Follow best practices like headless execution and clean test structure such as `pytest` and POM.

from selenium import webdriverfrom selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By

import pytest
def test_example():
  assert 1 + 1 == 2

@pytest.mark.smoke

def test_smoke_case():
  assert True
          

class TestExample(unittest.TestCase):
  def test_addition(self):
    self.assertEqual(1 + 1, 2)
          

class TestExample(unittest.TestCase):
  def setUp(self):
    # Setup code
    pass

  def tearDown(self):
    # Teardown code
    pass
          

assertEqual(a, b)
assertNotEqual(a, b)
assertTrue(x)
assertFalse(x)
assertIs(a, b)
assertIsNot(a, b)
          

from selenium.webdriver.support.relative_locator import locate_with

driver.find_element(
  locate_with(By.TAG_NAME, "input").below((By.ID, "username"))
)
          

# Correctly assigning the found element to a variable
button = driver.find_element(By.ID, "button_id")

# Click the button
button.click()
          

# locate the element
element = driver.find_element(By.ID, "input_id")

# send the text
element.send_keys("Your text")
          

form = driver.find_element(By.ID, "form_id")
form.submit()
          

from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC

wait = WebDriverWait(driver, timeout=2)
element = wait.until(
  EC.visibility_of_element_located((By.ID, "example"))
)
          

# headless mode
options = webdriver.ChromeOptions()
options.add_argument("--headless")
driver = webdriver.Chrome(options=options)
          

alert_text = alert.text
print(alert_text)
          

frame_element = driver.find_element(By.XPATH, "//iframe[@id='frame_id']")
driver.switch_to.frame(frame_element)
          

# Get all window handles
handles = driver.window_handles

# Switch to the second window (index 1)
driver.switch_to.window(handles[1])
          

original_window_handle = driver.current_window_handle
driver.find_element(By.LINK_TEXT, "Open new window").click()
wait.until(EC.number_of_windows_to_be(2))
new_window_handle = (set(driver.window_handles) - {original_window_handle}).pop()
driver.switch_to.window(new_window_handle)
assert driver.current_window_handle == new_window_handle
          

size = driver.get_window_size()
width1 = size.get("width")
height1 = size.get("height")
          

element = driver.find_element(By.ID, "element_id")
element.screenshot("element_screenshot.png")
          

file_input = driver.find_element(By.ID, "file_upload_id")
# Replace with the actual locator
file_input.send_keys("/path/to/your/file.txt")
          

with open("example.txt", "r") as file:
  content = file.read()
  print("File Content:")
  print(content)
          

with open("example.txt", "r") as file:
  for line in file:
    print("Line:", line.strip())
          

with open("test_data.txt", "r") as file:
  data = file.readlines()
          

import csv

# Read the entire CSV file
with open("example.csv", "r") as file:
  reader = csv.reader(file)
  for row in reader:
    print("Row:", row)
          

pip install openpyxl

from openpyxl import load_workbook

# Load the workbook
workbook = load_workbook("example.xlsx")

# Select the active worksheet
sheet = workbook.active

# Read all rows
for row in sheet.iter_rows(values_only=True):
  print(row)
          

pip install pandas

import pandas as pd

# Load the Excel file
data = pd.read_excel("example.xlsx")

# Iterate over rows
for index, row in data.iterrows():
  print(f"Row {index}: {row}")